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Legal terms, explained plainly

The words in contracts, court, and legal notices, decoded - each one links to its full plain-English definition.

affidavit

A written promise that you swear is true, signed in front of someone who can confirm you're telling the truth.

appeal

A request to a higher court to change a decision made by a lower one.

arbitration

When two sides who can't agree let a neutral person decide for them instead of going to court.

defendant

Someone who is being taken to court because they are accused of doing something wrong.

deposition

A formal, sworn conversation outside of court, written down to use later in a legal case.

indictment

A formal charge that someone has committed a crime, usually decided by a grand jury.

injunction

A court order telling someone to stop doing something or to do something specific.

jurisdiction

The official right a place or group has to make and enforce rules and decide what's fair.

liability

Something you owe or are legally responsible for, like a debt or a duty.

lien

A claim on someone else's property that lets you take it if they don't pay back what they owe.

litigation

When people use the courts to solve a disagreement, usually by suing someone or being sued.

negligence

Not taking enough care to do something properly, so it leads to mistakes or harm.

plaintiff

The person or group who starts a legal case by saying someone else did them wrong.

plea

A statement in court where a person says if they admit to the crime or say they didn't do it.

probate

The court process that checks if a will is real before giving out the person's belongings.

statute

A rule made by a government that people must follow.

subpoena

A legal paper that forces someone to go to court to give their side of the story.

tort

When someone does something that hurts you or breaks a rule meant to protect people.

verdict

A final decision about whether someone is guilty or not guilty in a court case.

warrant

A paper from a judge that lets police enter a place or arrest someone when they have good reason to suspect a crime.

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